@Article{Supelec820,
author = {Martin Virte and Krassimir Panajotov and Marc Sciamanna},
title = {{Bifurcation to nonlinear polarization dynamics and chaos in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers}},
journal = {Physical Review A},
year = {2013},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = { 013834-1-10},
month = {jan},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013834},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013834},
abstract = {In this contribution we provide an in depth theoretical analysis
of the bifurcations leading to nonlinear polarization dynamics in
a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). We
detail the sequence of bifurcations that occurs when increasing
the injection current, and which brings the laser from linear to
elliptical polarization emission and then self-pulsating or even
more complex chaotic dynamics of the light intensity.
Continuation techniques allow us to follow the stable and
unstable limit cycle solutions emerging from Hopf bifurcations,
and therefore to interpret the frequency of the self-pulsating
polarization dynamics. The fundamental frequency of the pulsating
dynamics is either close to the laser relaxation oscillation
frequency or close to the linear-birefringence-induced
polarization mode frequency splitting, depending on the laser
parameters. A systematic analysis of the parameter space allows
us to identify two scenarios that are in excellent qualitative
agreement with those reported in recent experiments. Our results
provide, moreover, evidence for an interesting polarization mode
hopping mechanism, i.e., a so-called deterministic mode hopping
where the laser exhibits a chaotic and therefore random-like
hopping between two states that are elliptically polarized and
nonorthogonal.}
}