@Article{Supelec565,
author = {Massimo Alonzo and Frederico Pettazzi and Marco Bazzan and Nicola Argiolas and Maria Ciampolillo and Schirin Heidari Bateni and Cinzia Sada and Delphine Wolfersberger and Adrian Petris and Valentin Vlad and Eugenio Fazio},
title = {{Self-confined beams in erbium–doped lithium niobate}},
journal = {Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics},
year = {2010},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {015206-1-6},
month = {Jan},
doi = {10.1088/2040-8978/12/1/015206},
abstract = {We experimentally investigate the formation of self-confined
beams in lithium niobate crystals which are doped in the bulk
with erbium. Samples have been grown by Czochralski method with
erbium nominal concentrations varying in the range 0.0 - 0.7 %mol
in the melt. The speeds of beam confinement depend on the applied
bias and on the beam intensity, as expected, but on the doping
level as well. The erbium incorporation influences both the
electro-optic coefficient and the photovoltaic field. A very
general dependence of the confined beam waist on the refractive
index change was experimentally derived, valid now for every
lithium niobate crystal, independently on its growing procedure
or doping.}
}