@InCollection{Supelec451,
author = {Eugenio Fazio and Mathieu Chauvet and Valentin Vlad and Adrian Petris and Frederico Pettazzi and Virginie Coda-Bouchot and Massimo Alonzo},
title = {{3-D Integrated Optical Microcircuits in Lithium Niobate Written by Spatial Solitons}},
year = {2008},
booktitle = {{Ferroelectric Crystals for Photonic Applications}},
chapter = {5},
publisher = {Springer},
volume = {91},
number = {I},
pages = {101-134},
month = {sep},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77965-0_5},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-77965-0_5},
abstract = {Integrated optical microcircuits are structures based on optical
waveguides to confine light and consequently to make it realize
operations and functionalities. Consequently, the basic element
of any integrated circuit is the waveguide. It is constituted of
3 main spatial regions: the propagating core and the surrounding
media, the upper and lower ones. In order to confine light, the
propagating core must show a higher refractive index than the
surrounding media in order to ensure a total reflection regime of
the optical rays trapped inside the core area. Consequently, the
propagating light proceeds inside the waveguide with a particular
configuration called mode, which means the overall interference
between all the trapped waves. According to the refractive index
contrast between core and surrounding media and according to the
transverse dimension of the waveguide, one or many modes can
propagate: however, if there is just one mode or many, the
characteristic of every mode is to keep its transverse profile
constant along the whole propagation. Thus, the mode is a
steady-state solution of the light propagation equation inside
the confining structure called eigenstate.}
}